概述：自密實(shí)混凝土攪拌車(chē)在生產(chǎn)混凝土的過(guò)程中，需要進(jìn)行骨料、粉料、液體外加劑、水等原材料的精確計量。對于在戶(hù)外無(wú)固定工作場(chǎng)所、需現場(chǎng)攪拌
自密實(shí)混凝土攪拌車(chē)在生產(chǎn)混凝土的過(guò)程中，需要進(jìn)行骨料、粉料、液體外加劑、水等原材料的精確計量。對于在戶(hù)外無(wú)固定工作場(chǎng)所、需現場(chǎng)攪拌澆筑的攪拌車(chē)而言，在計量過(guò)程中保持設備、框架的穩定、平穩，才能保障高質(zhì)量的原材料計量過(guò)程。有利于提高計量精度的設計，應用于攪拌車(chē)結構的各個(gè)方面。
In the process of producing concrete, the self compacting concrete mixer needs to accurately measure the raw materials such as aggregate, powder, liquid admixture and water. For the mixer truck without fixed outdoor workplace and requiring on-site mixing and pouring, the high-quality raw material metering process can be guaranteed by maintaining the stability and stability of equipment and frame in the metering process. The design is conducive to improve the measurement accuracy and is applied to all aspects of the mixer structure.
骨料的輸送和計量，采用了石子和砂疊加計量輸送的皮帶秤裝置。骨料在卸料進(jìn)入皮帶秤的過(guò)程中，因空間的落差存在，使得卸料門(mén)接收信號關(guān)閉后，有多余骨料進(jìn)入到皮帶秤中。通過(guò)軟件、電氣控制，使其具備能夠自動(dòng)補償骨料的落差量，準確達到計量的目標值。皮帶秤使用裙邊皮帶進(jìn)行骨料輸送，皮帶側邊的裙邊結構能防止砂、石子向側邊漏料，保障計量準確。砂計量皮帶采用變頻控制，能根據計量的需要調節輸送的速度，進(jìn)一步提高計量精度。
The belt scale device of superposition metering and conveying of stone and sand is adopted for the transportation and metering of aggregate. In the process of aggregate unloading into the belt scale, due to the drop of space, after the receiving signal of the unloading door is closed, excess aggregate enters the belt scale. Through software and electrical control, it can automatically compensate the drop of aggregate and accurately achieve the measurement target value. The belt scale uses skirt belt for aggregate conveying. The skirt structure on the side of the belt can prevent sand and gravel from leaking to the side and ensure accurate measurement. The sand metering belt adopts frequency conversion control, which can adjust the conveying speed according to the metering needs and further improve the metering accuracy.
粉料的使用量小于骨料的使用量，為達到精確的計量，需要采用更嚴格的措施。攪拌車(chē)在進(jìn)行粉料的配料工作時(shí)，粉料通過(guò)帶有變頻功能的螺旋輸送機進(jìn)行輸送后，進(jìn)入匹配的粉料秤中計量。通過(guò)變頻控制對螺旋輸送速度進(jìn)行調節，初始計量時(shí)快速送料，節省時(shí)間；計量接近目標值時(shí)慢速送料，把控精度。以此在兼顧效率的情況下，實(shí)現了粉料的粗、精計量效果。
The use of powder is less than that of aggregate. In order to achieve accurate measurement, more stringent measures need to be taken. When the mixer truck is carrying out the mixing of powder, the powder is transported through the screw conveyor with frequency conversion function and then enters the matched powder scale for measurement. The screw conveying speed is adjusted through frequency conversion control, and the material is fed quickly during initial metering to save time; When the metering is close to the target value, feed slowly to control the accuracy. In this way, the coarse and fine metering effect of powder is realized under the condition of considering efficiency.
與皮帶秤類(lèi)似，螺旋輸送機與粉秤之間也存在高度落差，為提升計量精度，粉料計量系統采用了“一增一減”控制算法。其過(guò)程如下：當粉秤在輸送、存料階段時(shí)，采用增量控制算法，進(jìn)行落差量的自動(dòng)補秤；當粉秤在卸料階段時(shí)，系統檢測粉秤內存儲量，如重量超出目標值時(shí)，系統執行減量控制算法，截留超出的重量供下批次配料使用。由于粉料自身的細微顆粒、容易結塊的特性，粉秤的出料口處的軟連接容易出現積灰、積料的現象，將對計量精度造成不利的影響。對此使用專(zhuān)為粉料卸料設計的異形軟連接，能防止粉料積料產(chǎn)生的拉秤現象，不良影響。通過(guò)變頻輸送、“一增一減”、防拉連接這些措施，保障攪拌車(chē)中粉料計量準確進(jìn)行。
Similar to the belt scale, there is also a height drop between the screw conveyor and the powder scale. In order to improve the metering accuracy, the powder metering system adopts the "one increase and one decrease" control algorithm. The process is as follows: when the powder scale is in the conveying and storage stage, the incremental control algorithm is adopted to automatically replenish the drop; When the powder scale is in the unloading stage, the system detects the memory reserves of the powder scale. If the weight exceeds the target value, the system executes the reduction control algorithm to intercept the excess weight for the next batch of batching. Due to the characteristics of fine particles and easy caking of powder, the soft connection at the discharge port of powder scale is prone to ash and material accumulation, which will have an adverse impact on the measurement accuracy. In this regard, the special-shaped soft connection specially designed for powder unloading can prevent the scale pulling phenomenon caused by powder accumulation and eliminate adverse effects. Through frequency conversion transportation, "one increase and one decrease" and anti pull connection, the accurate measurement of powder in the mixer is guaranteed.
在框架、箱體振動(dòng)不可避免的情況下，為了保證水和液體外加劑準確計量，采用傳統的單吊點(diǎn)式、以拉式傳感器計量的方式不是選擇。采用拉式傳感器作為計量元件的液體秤，其原理是通過(guò)感應計量重量產(chǎn)生的重力應變，轉換為電信號得到重量值，在混凝土攪拌站中應用廣泛。然而由于其感應靈敏的特性，在進(jìn)行微小目標值計量時(shí)，設備框架的振動(dòng)、外力微小的擾動(dòng)等都可能導致計量值的偏離，在結構緊湊、計量要求精確、工況復雜、拌合質(zhì)量要求高的自密實(shí)混凝土攪拌車(chē)中，應當有更好的設計。通過(guò)多次試驗驗證，水、液體外加劑使用流量計進(jìn)行原材料計量，很好的克服了拉式傳感器的缺點(diǎn)。
When the vibration of frame and box is inevitable, in order to ensure the accurate measurement of water and liquid admixture, the traditional single hanging point and pull sensor measurement is not the best choice. The principle of liquid scale using pull sensor as metering element is to convert the gravity strain generated by metering weight into electrical signal to obtain the weight value, which is widely used in concrete mixing plant. However, due to its sensitive sensing characteristics, the vibration of the equipment frame and small disturbance of external force may lead to the deviation of the measured value when measuring the small target value. In the self compacting concrete mixer with compact structure, accurate measurement requirements, complex working conditions and high mixing quality requirements, there should be a better design. Through many tests, it is verified that the flowmeter is used for raw material measurement of water and liquid admixtures, which overcomes the shortcomings of pull sensor.
在液體計量系統中采用的流量計，其工作原理是根據電磁感應原理進(jìn)行流量測量。當水、外加劑這類(lèi)導體在磁場(chǎng)中做切割磁力線(xiàn)運動(dòng)時(shí)，在管道兩端的電極上產(chǎn)生感應電勢。通過(guò)測量感應電勢，結合其他已知參數換算為水或外加劑的計量重量。在流量計中，感應電壓信號與平均流速呈線(xiàn)性關(guān)系，測量精度高；測量電極內置，抗干擾能力強；計量過(guò)程不受到振動(dòng)因素影響，計量過(guò)程穩定平穩。
The working principle of the flowmeter used in the liquid metering system is to measure the flow according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When conductors such as water and additives move to cut magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field, an induced potential is generated on the electrodes at both ends of the pipeline. By measuring the induced potential, combined with other known parameters, it is converted to the measured weight of water or admixture. In the flowmeter, the induced voltage signal has a linear relationship with the average flow rate, and the measurement accuracy is high; Built in measuring electrode, strong anti-interference ability; The metering process is not affected by vibration factors, and the metering process is stable.
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